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Approach to Social Constructionism OBEDIENCE AS A MEANS OF INFLUENCE IN SOCIETY







Extracted from John M. Mark A. Levine Pavelchak.



What is meant by obedience?

Obedience occurs when an individual modifies its behavior to obey the orders of an authority. Unlike under this authority is exercised by a higher status you want to monitor and produce influence on the subject, that it leads to that person's behavior is different from obeying authority.

On the issue have done some research excelling that of Milgram, who in 1974 came to discover factors that influence whether or not obedience, they would be the physical proximity that have the victim (obedience decreases as the victim approaches the subject), the authority have a physical presence, this does not necessarily mean you are representing a foremost authority and should be clearly defined. Other studies say the likelihood of compliance is lower when they should obey any order that is related to the implementation suffering feel responsible for their victims. The same author speaks d and psychological aspects that influence the tendency to obey, this would be the autonomy that is the subject of himself, ie as an individual to feel responsible and conscious of their actions, in this case people would be less predisposed to obey mainly by the characteristics mentioned above which it uses as a guide to behave properly, otherwise people are obeying feel part of a group having a hierarchy, in which senior managers with more authority or are being made responsible for the acts of others and these are used as guidance for proper behavior, they are agents of a group of people lacking responsibility and awareness to their actions.

But what could happen when you obey?, If a subject is due to an expert authority on a subject is more likely to respond factually correct, but not someone who only due to authority (has more likely to be correct), the obedient slave can also be greatly rewarded contrario de quien no acata que puede llegar a ser fuertemente castigado e incluso morir como lo hemos visto en episodios de nuestra historia, esto es a nivel de subordinado. Si nos enfocamos en la autoridad se puede ver beneficiado cuando es obedecido ya que su poder puede aumentar, al igual que el reconocimiento y estatus, pero contrariamente a esto puede ocurrir que sea castigado por ser mala influencia o tomar decisiones erradas las cuales son dejadas ver por las conductas y pensamientos de sus subordinados haciéndole perder estatus y credibilidad.

A nivel grupal la desventaja es similar a de la conformidad puesto que los subordinados obedientes pueden ayudar al grupo a lograr fines objetivamente adecuados o reafirmando relaciones among the group, but also may prevent the group to achieve its goals by taking actions objectively wrong and damaging to the group in not being able to differentiate between appropriate and inappropriate orders.

Are topics about this?

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THE SUBJECT AND PRESENT SOCIETY

Extract from a text that I prepared for my master's classes ..... It is important to note that social psychology is built from social constructionism, upon which there is a "reality", but there are so many such subjects and this is constructed through language ... The image of Philip (Mafalda character) is attached as a metaphor as I explain below.

Now with the French Revolution gives way to a series of political, social, economic and religious backgrounds that converge in what is called modernity, whose principles are reflected in human evolution. The epiphenomena are left behind, allowing the rational search for the cause is imposed to the facts, on the other hand, the productivity principle gives way to capitalism and it refers to the principle of efficiency where the achievement of targets is carried out using the fewest possible resources. Secularization involved delimiting the areas of knowledge and giving way to expert systems, in charge of perfectible and hypothetical responses (expert systems are those formed by a group of people or a lot of knowledge learned in a specific area), this principle includes the other three. The fact that all knowledge is hypothetical and dubious in principle leads to a further uncertainty, although in this case concerns with regard to rational knowledge, the certainty that in medieval times the church today we gave away, and there is no single answer to a phenomenon, if not this can explain it from different principles and ways, but it is not everything, even all these possible responses will not give us the truth, since they are mere hypotheses that any time can be banished and replaced by others, it takes a constant revision and reworking by expert systems. This process is called institutional reflexivity.

The result of the above guidelines together in the dynamism of this period, which although initially reflected in institutions, then transferred to the subject's experience to end in the self. It is for this reason that social actors must be proficient in the use of various coping mechanisms, one of these (and apparently most important) is the reflectivity, defined as the subject's ability to self-regulate, readjust and reorganize space and time in modernity are far apart, that as a result of globalization and the spread of interconnectivity, ie, the largest Internet access, cable television, telephone, etc.., allowing instant information regardless of geographical location where the event occurs and where the receiver (Giddens, 1997). This dynamism at the same time, he is immersed in a fragmented society, where large groups and neighborhood as families, peer groups, employment and educational spaces, among others, are in constant crisis. They are no longer strongly afiatada groups to which the subject could turn for shelter, because they begin to feel lonely and that loneliness, combined with the lack of emotional support, require the existence of a space to reflect and be heard, since the lack of it, may easily lead to depression, because today many, life is meaningless.

Currently the groups are formed mostly by shared interests and needs, such as playing football, who gather to play chess, voluntary groups, meetings of parents and guardians, etc., Being more frecuenre small groups and events. E spero this invited to reflect on who is going

continue ...

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WHAT IS THE SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY?

Taken from the text: Introduction to the Field of Social Psychology and Social Psychology, Intersubjectivity (Serge Moscovici) and Collective Psychology (Pablo Fernández Chrislieb)

First Great Definition:

can say that this discipline is concerned with why there is conflict between individual and society. Viewing the individual (with his own subjectivity) in relation to another (which also has its own subjectivity) and not only deal with this I dare say it is better to use the term, subject, as well as prevent them from falling into the confusion of assimilation individuals in their solitude, as a unique and individual and not in connection with (as a social actor).

Its main object study are those phenomena related to ideology and communication (later I will take some time to develop briefly the major communication theories.) Where ideology is understood by the system of representations and attitudes (familiar phenomena of social and racial prejudices, stereotypes, beliefs, etc..) And communication events that are geared to the exchange of verbal and nonverbal messages between individuals and groups.

Second Great Definition:

social psychology would be the science of phenomena ideology (cognitions and social representations) and the phenomena of communication.

This second definition if shorter than the previous one, can integrate the principles above, it seems to me, and to discuss the study of these two types of phenomena we assume that the subject is relation to another, whether another individual, group, family, nation, culture, etc. Giving rise to intersubjectivity (cluster of subjectivities, which lead to the birth of many realities as there are subjects and based epistemological social constructionism).

But reading this, too raises another question: So what's the difference with sociology? Mention only one, is the subject of sociology as a collective, social psychology instead sees it as an individual (and I add, in connection with).

* Today, the secularization of society and knowledge, knowledge is allowed to divide giving rise to different groups of experts, though, is a division, today tend to converge expert systems have any relationship, allowing the enrichment and supplement information.