| |
 |
| |
| |
| By Ernesto Martínez Núñez and Martha |
| |
| Mexico City (28 February 2010) .- Last year, President Felipe Calderon called "naive" to whom present a change of strategy and last Thursday, in a speech in Merida, critics asked to submit other anti-crime plans. security experts and armed forces, sociologists, human rights defenders and writers were invited by Approach to suggest an idea or plan other than what he is doing the Calderon to fight drug trafficking. Most agreed noting that military logic to address the issue is dead. therefore propose other ways of addressing the drug trafficking and consumption, which could and should be articulated in a comprehensive strategy that involves not only the government federal, but the legislative and judicial branches, states and municipalities, and society. Changing focus Rubén Aguilar Valenzuela. Political analyst, professor of the UIA. He was Speaker of the Presidency of the Republic. The "war" is not the way to tackle the problem. Are becoming politicians, intellectuals and academics agree on this point: Zedillo, Cardoso, Gaviria, Vargas Llosa, Fuentes and the recently deceased Tomas Eloy Martinez, to name a few. line solution, as in most developed countries with very strong democracies, is facing the problem from the social logic of a public health problem, such as snuff, alcohol or prostitution. It is assumed that the purchase and sale of drugs is a problem that has been present throughout history and remain so. This is not to eradicate the problem but to manage it from the logic of institutions. This means, among other things, that action should focus on: a) minimize the collateral damage brought about by the consumption and sale of drugs, violence and corruption, b) avoid as much damage to those suffer from addictions and assist patients, c) work on the line to legalize soft drugs: the case of marijuana, as is happening in America. government needs to dialogue and negotiate with the United States. The biggest consumer of drugs in the world does the "war" on drug cartels that control the sale in their cities, many of them places in the hands of the Mexican cartels. Have made this trade, which is always going to, happen without violence. We have much to learn from the treatment that the U.S. government gives to the problem. Comprehensive strategy Emilio Álvarez Icaza. former president of the Human Rights Commission of Mexico City. Urge alternative measures articulated in a comprehensive strategy: 1. Transforming the performance of the Mexican justice system. 2. Improve the functioning of social justice apparatus, create jobs and welfare conditions for the population. 3. Fighting the economic power of the crime, which has given its corrupting power. To do this you must develop a comprehensive intelligence work and seek collaborative strategies with corporate and banking sector. 4. Prevention. Mexico needs to realize that is no longer a drug transit country, but has become a major consumer. 5. Change in the relationship with the United States can not continue to evade its responsibility problem. Mexico needs a more aggressive use of the Palermo Convention and demand results and cooperation. 6. Strengthen the political system and the Federal Electoral Institute to have the tools necessary to prevent the infiltration of drug money in campaigns. Only countries that have respected the human rights of its population in the fight against drug trafficking have been successful. Mexico now has the opportunity to overcome this phenomenon by addressing its weaknesses. White Paper Security and Defense Mario Arroyo Juárez. Research Associate to the Chair of Strategic Intelligence the EGAP / ITESM. current scientific knowledge and international experience in safety successful show us that, to restore the quality of life of citizens and give meaning to the concept of justice, there must be a criminology of state policy. In this effort is necessary to conduct a national program of technical and non-bureaucratic rationality, hence, based on diagnosis no longer exist, select strategies and actions lead, train and train human resources, implement, monitor and evaluate such actions. By its nature, must be an exercise transexenal and social consensus. The program must be derived at least 10 strategies to make exercise something integral: 1) collection and analysis, 2) new institutional architecture, 3) and effective justice closer to the people, 4) education for coexistence, 5) create safe and healthy environments; 6) legislative reforms based on empirical studies, 7) social participation; 8) strengthening the identity, equity and development, 9) technological innovation; 10) cooperation. The technical and budget exist, but not an ethical responsibility to use and build a vision: a white paper on security and defense. Political Consensus * Luis Astorga. Researcher, Institute of Social Research at the UNAM. Create a security policy of the State, political consensus and in which all transferred. What would give? Security ties, the relationship of corruption of prominent members of the political structures in positions of power throughout the country and at all levels of government. That would eventually (and this would be the target) to strengthen democratic institutions, assuming we all want a democratic system with strong institutions rather than an authoritarian system. International cooperation Raúl Benítez Manaut. Research Center of the North American Research at UNAM. Chairman of the Collective Security Analysis of AC Democracy The President Calderon called the "war on drugs", to have prospects of success, should have four key elements. 1. Government policies must be comprehensive. Should be short, medium and long term. The Mexican government has 18 ministries of state to be involved in this effort, not just the core security area (Sedena, Semar, SSP and PGR). 2. In the military, intelligence and justice must efforts have symmetrical to all criminal organizations. Failure to act equally against what is considered the six nation's most powerful cartels, the blow to a group of them only promotes the accumulation of power in the opposition. Is abuzz with talk that the accumulation of power in the Sinaloa Cartel, headed by El Chapo Guzman, in part due to the government's inability to reach the epicenter, or the ability of Chapo by a woven networks protection and very entrepreneurial. In any "war" the enemy is hit on all fronts, but should seek a "decisive victory" leading spinal shock the brain of the enemy, or where the enemy is stronger. 3. As the war is long term, you must have the support of civil society. This implies that government forces must have the support of the population, and therefore must respect human rights. The war is done in conditions of democracy and respect for this population and the rule of law is fundamental to military and police tactics. You can not win the war and undermine democracy. It would be a major setback. 4. External factors. Drug trafficking is a transnational power and there should be concerted efforts multistate. Were transferred in this war borders and sovereignty of the Mexican state is violated by the cartels, foreign assistance is needed, is vital. National Programme for seizure of property Edgardo Buscaglia. Professor of Law and Economics at ITAM and director of the International Legal and Economic Development. The level of violence in Ciudad Juarez is Mexico's future, unless the Mexican government to implement urgently and simultaneously four types of policy measures immediately: I. In Mexico, must reach an early extensive inter-party political agreement to really start cleaning the worst of the cesspool of political corruption that today relates politicians with organized crime groups (through the private business sector and trade unions, both infiltrated by organized crime) at all levels and in all matches (Colombia's new here is a good regional example to follow, where approximately 32 percent of national legislators from all parties was tried in court in cases related to corruption and ties to organized crime in the last six years). II. As a result of the above political pact, the Mexican federal executive should start to achieve better coordination between the areas of operational intelligence, law enforcement and Federal Police, in order that various institutions can produce a better evidentiary material beyond the protected witnesses, corrupt and unreliable, which now handle the PGR and the Secretariat of Public Security. III: That actually start a national program to confiscate property in the legal business environment, where 78 percent of the economic sectors of Mexican GDP has been entered. IV. It must begin to undertake prevention programs in the social order, education, health and social infrastructure in order to prevent and slow the flow of hundreds of thousands of young people into gangs. These four steps are keys to dismantle organized crime from its business elites in the legal field to field operating bases, and no country in recent recorded history has been able to contain organized crime without implementing the four above-mentioned components simultaneously. against a Mexican organized crime as acting in 21 types of international crimes in 47 countries where drug trafficking is only one of these organized crimes, so far the strategy proposed by the federal government continues to fail to meet these standards minimum internationally proven for its effectiveness. If these four measures are not implemented, Mexico will encounter in the near future with many regional scenarios like Ciudad Juárez. Delegitimize Luigi Ferrajoli crime. Italian jurist. The force of law in the fight against crime is mostly in its asymmetry to the crime. Only this asymmetry, which is manifested in the respect of all warranties, including the accused, has the ability in long times to delegitimize ethical, political and social crime. The irrational response can also seem the most effective, is the idea that organized crime can be fought with forms of war, the war produced the paradoxical effect of raising the enemy at the same level of government. In this sense, the fight against organized crime should be carried out with the forms of guarantees of due process. The rule of law itself knows no enemies, so that only the right response to organized crime can be placed at the level of the offender and delegitimize political, social and morally, this asymmetry in the long time is the best force of law. Leave the logic of war Samuel González. specialist in security and former deputy PGR. 1. Reducing violence through comprehensive strategies to combat organized crime by Palermo Convention: a. Dismemberment of the criminal enterprise and increase the efficiency of money laundering, use of forfeiture. B. Clean all your police and MP. Still infiltrated. C. Programs of social crime prevention including social development, prevent adolescents into criminal gangs. D. Fight organized crime without distinction. E. Social support organizations that will boost the country's transformation. f. Surrender the logic of war and accepts the logic of the rule of law. 2. Breaking the pact of impunity governing since 2003 and was developed by politicians from various parties. Attack without regard to the infiltration of all political parties. Reduce the causes of protection provided in the Constitution. 3. Develop a serious program to combat corruption, including an independent research institution, an independent public prosecutor. 4. Discard the ideas of the federal government advisers say the narcos are entrepreneurs and have a business. What they have is a logic that is clearly criminal in Juarez. 5. Passing of "democracy cuentavotos (IFE AND Trife, he does not see who is funding the purchase of independent votes that are illegally used public funds or organized crime) to genuine democracy that examines who funded and it was sponsored. 6. Funds for social programs. 7. Interpreting the federal Constitution so that states and municipalities to collect fees from the proportional and equitable manner that is required to develop its constitutional functions. Civic Engagement Luis González Placencia. President of the Human Rights Commission of Mexico City. To mitigate violence and the appalling loss of life is necessary to reaffirm the role the State in resolving social conflicts and the search for social peace. The increased penalties has no impact on reducing crime and excessive police and military presence leads to increased violations of fundamental rights. is a need for different levels of government to design and implement an agreed policy and comprehensive security, based on interagency coordination, the professionalization of police forces and criminal investigation, reduction and systemic protection of victims of crimes and violence, and citizen participation in accountability, as fundamental to strengthen the democratic rule of law. The State, in its government affairs, should focus on the effective development of economic, social and cultural rights, through public policies that provide employment and universal education, in order to create conditions of social development to help ensure peace and security. Army Retirement Sergio González Rodríguez. Writer, author of 'The man without a head. " Urge mental change in our ruling classes. Drug trafficking is an indivisible part of the institutions: it determines the economic and political processes of the country. It must remove the idea that the problem "we all." Has involved and involves specific responsibilities in power. Have a shift in strategy involves: 1) disband its financial structure and its links with political and economic power, 2) cancel the police-paramilitary society, 3) withdraw the army from gendarmerie tasks, 4) reset the system intelligence; 5) reestablish the police, 6) set the framework (more laws and stiffer penalties are useless), 7) to introduce new policies (punishment of crimes against human rights by institutions, gradual legalization of drugs; prevention campaigns and rehabilitation; debugging officials, judges, prisons, replacement of croplands, etc..) ideologize the problem Ernesto Lopez Portillo. President of the Institute for Security and Democracy AC. propose taking state action on drugs in the bag of ideology and prejudice that have kidnapped today, to carry a bag of empirical evidence showing that the drugs really are and are not the real effects caused the use and abuse, as well as the real mechanical linking drugs and organized and unorganized crime, and those that do not. Once built the platform of empirical evidence, then The State should design a state policy at the same time is comprehensive and segment strategies, particularly those involving the demand and supply. If at the same time have an integrated and segmented, then the state may decide the priorities, for example, with empirical evidence in hand, it is possible to know if more effective buy helicopters to destroy plantations or build hundreds of centers care consumers. I propose, in short, stop the "government of drugs by ideology", to make way for "government of the drugs by empirical evidence." Decriminalize Alejandro Madrazo Lajous consumption. Program Coordinator at the Health Law CIDE. Member of the Collective for a comprehensive policy towards drugs. Recent reforms to the General Health Law that penalize consumption not legalize drug dealing, as it has spread. On the contrary, criminalize the average consumer, to establish penalties for consumers doses that are most common in the world. Although the law implies progress, to distinguish between consumer and addicted and incorporate concepts such as risk reduction and harm reduction, it should be reviewed to make real progress towards the decriminalization of consumption. drug Antonio Cortes L. Mazzitelli. Representative Regional Office of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. released The strategy could be complemented, establishment of drug courts, would breaking the vicious circle of consumption (health problem) and crime (security) the same time providing specific answers and local issues drug dealing, violence related to drug use, offering qualified services in treatment and rehabilitation, implementation of the new law on drug dealing. Money Laundering: extend to the states its research into the heritage sector and involve them in the division of assets seized from drug trafficking. Review and simplify the Forfeiture Act. observatory building and strengthening public security and monitor complaints to identify indicators, policies, processes and justify decisions by competent authorities (city and state), and to promote civil society participation. measures and policies reinforce the economic and social development for local populations in areas traditionally used for illicit narcotics. Strengthening education and training programs on crime prevention for parents and community leaders. Strengthening statewide juvenile justice and prison system to treat children in conflict with the law (social and work reintegration.) Listen to the experts Elmer Mendoza. Writer. In Mexico there are top experts in all aspects of the fight against crime. That the President's see, listen and establish a new strategy, because the present is a failure. Do not be proud. That experts recognize their limitations. The people of Mexico deserve to be look at the face, deserves to be left thinking that is less old or an entity with delay. Deserves to believe in something other than media. The President should take advantage of their youth and take the little time remaining. Someone tells you that pride is a sin and so far its period was much damage. Call the experts who are capable people, prepared with resources of the nation and willing to collaborate. And if you dare and only a few months, to review its social and educational policy, and do something to stop to pity. To him you are interested in both the impact of Mexico in the world, you know you are gently into bankruptcy. legalization of marijuana Ethan Nadelmann. Executive Director Drug Policy Alliance. Legalize Marijuana in the United States would significantly affect Mexico, by reducing the market and the struggle between the cartels for control of trafficking routes. Reducing the demand for illicit drugs, reducing the benefits to organized crime gangs. I can imagine Felipe Calderón and Barack Obama having a private dialogue on the legalization of drugs, I do not think that is public, but what is viable is that Calderón and Obama to convene a high-level symposium where they discuss all alternatives, a broad and open dialogue with all the positions. Addressing youth Javier Oliva Posada. Specialist Armed Forces, UNAM. It peculiar reaction of the government of the Republic regarding a crime that has its roots in greed, easy money and at the same time, with clear conditions of social breakdown and loss of values. And it is right in that direction where not long ago. And even with the data from the National Survey of Addictions, 2009, as well as indicators of the Ministry of Health, combating drug addiction has obscured other equally harmful and deadly among youth, such as alcoholism. Drug and alcohol abuse are reducing the main asset of our country, are children and youth. Prevention is where the media and television in particular play a crucial role, and have not joined or are interested in joining a program that would affect advertising sales and the slave always rating. The task can not rely on force or display of it, when what is in crisis is the system of values. Institutional coordination Raul Plascencia Villanueva. President of the National Commission on Human Rights. prevention is essential in any action aimed at reducing the incidence of crime, particularly in combating crime organized, which require strong collaboration of public and private institutions and organizations of civil society in the design and evaluation of actions taken on the matter, that public policies are geared to reality suffer. is essential to the coordinated and effective in the fight against crime to ensure that every Mexican the right to public safety, that should not be seen only as part of the work of a sphere of government, but a commitment. Creating jobs José Luis Piña. Security Specialist, UNAM. the end, the crisis public safety, social, work and education in Ciudad Juárez has made the Calderon government to recognize that the war on organized crime and in particular drug is not won only with repressive actions. There has been recognized that anti-crime strategy failed because water does not incorporate other tactics (drug prevention, drug rehabilitation, social participation, confiscation of illegal money and property) in a systematic and because there is a strategy to alter the torn socio-economic fabric. Thousands of scholarships for job training, social care for 25 000 families, more educational and recreational centers, and soldiers are the government's response to Juárez. Questions arise: how long will the federal presence?, "Juarez cover only the territory of many other cities. Urge State to develop policies for public safety, social and labor coverage territorial, temporal and social, about the rulers who only think of six-year government security and a lack of statesmanship in the executive, legislature and judiciary who are concerned about national security and the state. Projects Haydee Rosovsky life. Psychologist, former director of the National Council Against Addictions. Prevention drug must go through to generate more opportunities for young people, more education, more jobs, more housing, more equity. To prevent a young person using drugs there is nothing more effective to offer a life plan, which today are not making millions. Eradication military impunity José Miguel Vivanco. Americas director at Human Rights Watch. The use of armed forces in public security during the administration of President Calderón led to a dramatic increase in reports of military abuses (mil 791, only in 2009) remained largely unpunished. Military accused of committing torture, killings, arbitrary arrests and rapes are routinely investigated by the military justice system that lacks independence and impartiality. According to official information, the military only a soldier sentenced to nine months in prison for abuse committed against civilians in this administration. Widespread impunity This impacts negatively on the security policies of the government, violates minimum standards of professionalism necessary for the effectiveness of these tasks, increases the sense of chaos and mistrust and fear among the civilian population. To end this pattern of impunity for military abuses against civilians should be properly investigated and prosecuted by civilian authorities. * ideas expressed during the international meeting Winds of change: the politics of drugs in the world, organized by the Collective for a comprehensive policy towards drugs. Copyright © Grupo Reforma Servicio Informativo Publication Date: 26-Feb-2010 |
