Free Abortion Clinic Ma

What would we be without communication?

This is a question that many theorists make when starting to make their assumptions, but although everyone has the same purpose which is to explain the phenomenon, they do so through various options. While all are important when studying or analyzing a message or communication process, we can not leave out is that belonging to Watzlawick who postulates the axioms and inserted as a cross to the other theory.

So important is the phenomenon of communication that is at the base of all social systems and in the case to be effective, allows for executive leadership, adequate desision making and working environment of trust and security.

information

has been given different conceptualizations.

a) Bateson defined as the difference that makes the difference, apart map (know) and territory (map guides us in the work). Dice the difference (is the bridge between map and territory. By taking a first information that makes a difference that makes a difference in the map.

b) establishes a relationship between Wiener entropy (the tendency to disorder , chaos) and information (tendency to order), since we know that if we know the guidelines or laws and what is not entropic Tando. The order and disorder depends on the information you have.

c) Maturana speaks of structural determinism (the systems are structurally determined), therefore, changes in the system depend on the structure of this and not the external stimulus that triggers.

d) Luhmann regards the choice between alternatives, where "information is a selection within a range of possible known or unknown" (Rodriguez, 2004, p. 157). The information is given by the sense which is always choice.

Communication

Dario Rodriguez (2004) understands as the process of exchange of information and transmission of meaning.


Issuer>>>> encoder>>>> Channel>>>> Decoder>>>> Receiver Noise

Noise: distortion, contamination or failure of communication. To avoid this, raise your voice, gestures to support the verbal message, repeat it, make sure that the other may have misunderstood the information, all this together is called redundant communication.

Watzlawick, Beavin and Jackson (1972, cited in Rodriguez, 2004, p.160) developed a pragmatic theory of communication based on behavior (PRAGMA), which is overridden in 5 axioms:

1) Inability of failure to communicate: not because there is no behavior, a more ensismismada person who is reading a book, just be communicating something, it also communicates how to address the public, the way you walk, the use of technology, etc.

2) is given in terms of content and relationship: the content is the information contained in the message and the relationship is the link between the persons communicating.

3) Punctuation of the sequences of events: it has to do with who starts the sequence, the lack of agreement may porducir discussions.

4) digital and analog Language: The analogy is nonverbal and verbal is digital.

5) can be complementary symmetric: it has to do with equality or difference, organizations because of its hierarchy have a supplemental submission. It is symmetric when a certain type of communication causes a response in the same direction, for example, if someone sees anger in the other, this will react the same way. You can give the symmetrical and complementary escalation, which can become pathological if rigid.

Maturana said that the communication amounts to a limit state, where the sender and receiver have identical lists of alternatives the which if known and accomplished using the same manner would take his utility to the communication.

unlike Watzlavick Luhman says that communication is intrinsically social (for the important role of the receiver and transmitter). He says that social systems are autopoietic systems communication. Define a synthesis of three selections:

a) Selection of information: the sender has a variety of information that can compratir with the receiver, it must select one.

b) Selection of an expression: the emoisor has many forms of expression, it must choose one.

c) Selection of an understanding: the recipient of many ways that you have to understand, you must choose one, distinguishing between information and expression. Within this understanding also misunderstanding. Observer



Central to the selection of information.

Observer
second order observation made by an observer watching. Go schemes distinction made by another observer, but not himself. In organizations it is intended that these schemes have the same distinction, at this, March and Simon (1958, cited in Rodriguez, 2004, p. 165) have reached the following conclusions:

1) The higher the prestige earned by the group, more likely to identify with.

2) A more goals shared by the group, the greater the tendency to identify themselves.

3) A higher frequency of interaction between the individual and the group, the greater the tendency to identify with him.

4) The more individual needs met by the group, more likely to identify themselves.

5) The less the competition between members of the group and the individual, the greater the tendency to identify themselves.

A further identification of the individual with the group, the greater the number of patterns shared with this distinction.

Organizational Communication

Luhman said that the communication does not occur by chance is unlikely. There are three improbabilities that must be overcome:

a) unlikely to understand what that means, is reduced through language. It can also be by means of communications for the action (classifying speech acts involved and the commitment to increase understanding, Flores, 1989)

b) unlikely to have access to people who are not pesentes: using newsletters, memos, magazines, etc.

c) unlikely that other people accept the communication received: accept the proposed selectivity of communication, and incorporate it as part of the decision.

organizations are highly selective, because they select what is useful and what makes them resonance structure.

Effective Communication: Transmitter and receiver come to understand

Efficient Communication : achievement of objectives at minimum cost (use email to reach all people rather than face to face).

Vertical Communication: communications originating at the height communications are transforming into more specific as it descends into the pyramid.

not always the supervisor and subordinate agree on what should be the communication, therefore, always report something less than what the other meant.

Horizontal Communication: aimed at achieving better coordination between subsystems, but must overcome the difficulties of language barriers between subsystems. It is difficult to perform. Is related to informal communication. Can be used to make jokes and meetings outside the workplace, also can increase organizational efficiency, but can also hinder the organizational hierarchy.

The rumor

allows communication to continue even when some channels are clogged. It is not rare or always harmful, it is a symptom of serious communication problems especially when it is shown that there is more confidence in the rumor that the official information.

Communication and Environment

structural coupling: the relationship between organization and environment.

The comnicación internal organization must be consistent with the communication between the organization and the environment.

Fernando Flores : communication across partners express commitments, whether or not conscious. See some sort of difficulties when they disagree with these commitments. Speech acts are:

Managers: If you want to make the listener a role in the future.

commisive : the speaker is committed to take action in the future.

Declarative : If you change the world in the sense expressed by them.

Expressive : If you represent the speaker's mood.

Affirmative: if they express justified beliefs of the speaker.

Break: when it breaks the transparency, orquestras elements that represent challenges but also opportunities. It redefines the situation.
(Remember that speaks of conversations for action, as a way to reduce misunderstandings)

Rafael Echeverria : talk about the ontology of language. Apply:

the language creates the human being.

Language creates reality, not only describes, is an action, we model the future, our identity and the world

human beings create themselves in and through language

says language media organizations are

up talks to members of an organization in a particular unit because:

a) Each unit is specified by its limits, which are linguistic and decide who belongs to and whoever does this through declarations.

b) The structure of an organization comprises a network of promises that come from the talks.

c) Members of an organization perform their activities through a shared conversations yarn, creating conditions for synergy save time and resources.

d) The language unites the members because they have a shared past and future. Reference


Rodriguez, D. (2004). Organizational management. Elements for its study. Santiago: Universidad Católica de Chile.

Virginia Satir: Communication is clear, consistent, honest feedback and direct.